Tuesday, August 25, 2020

The Opposite Sex Essay Example for Free

The Opposite Sex Essay In the cutting edge time, guys may get unreasonable in giving out remarks to females for their activities, while ladies may likewise get predisposition in their judgment to men. It’s interesting in some cases how our judgment bombs us. Our capacity to see into things devalues into lesser lumps of idiocy. We wind up being obstinate, to make sure we could be conflicting. We indiscriminately will our approach to rash decisions and absurdities. Since things are minimal cloudy, explanations are normal more than all else. However the most that could explain this issue is the article â€Å"Opposite Sex† by Seven Dorloff. The characters from the paper were understudies who were allowed to record their encounters if they somehow managed to estrange themselves from their own personality and go about as their other gender for one day. Different responses came out. Some were amped up for it, while others were assuaged. The creator entitled his understudies the opportunity to turn into their other gender. In like manner, he gave his class the alternative to make his/her insightful inclination with regards to what sexual orientation they in all probability needed to become following a one-day experience of turning into their other gender. The exposition additionally indicated a correlation of sex. Be that as it may, it doesn't propose segregation between the two on the grounds that nobody endured deride why they were encountering to turn into their other gender. He didn't restrict the choices accessible to his understudies like somebody who may want to have an unexpected sexual orientation in comparison to his/her standard thing (Gumisai Mutume). He neither reduced the popularity based rights to compose and to pick by diminishing the accessibility of the choices. However, the creator didn't plan to radically change his students’ tastes. Similarly that an individual with an alternate direction must not be dealt with any not the same as individual with other direction since we think they’re extraordinary. Regardless of how they hang out in their decision of direction, in design sense and in whatever methods for examination; still they are the same from us. Sufficiently genuine, having conceived as their sexual orientation, they will consistently be the sex they were at first. In the event that they will resist their sexual orientation, they will risk losing their character since they will be segregated and thrown away from their locale. They appreciate a level of opportunity in their sexual orientation adherence yet they can’t totally withdraw and escape from their unique sex. Let’s comprehend that being an alternate sexual orientation is another class; it’s another quality that necessities separate space. It’s not being impassive; it’s being a sign of who you truly are and who you needed to become (Julie Mullins). Being an alternate sexual orientation anyway doesn't imply that the individual you have been before is unlikeable, it’s being getting a charge out of what life can offer. Since, the understudies were allowed to turn into their other gender; they accepted the open door in spite of the way that they can just become guys/females through pen. Finally, the creator had the option to clarify that regardless of how extraordinary your sexual orientation is, you can at present live in a world without disapproving of pundits. On the off chance that we don’t mind our sexual orientations, that would do us all the more great. It’s regard that we as a whole need. Its regard that we guarantee liberally, it’s regard we give hesitantly. Work Cited Mullins, Julie. â€Å"Gender Discrimination.† 2008. Kids In Need, Inc. 15 September 2008 http://www.childreninneed.org/magazine/gender.html#Anchor-Girls-35882 â€Å"Gender Equality.† 31 March 2008. Canadian International Development Agency. 15 September 2008 http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/CIDAWEB/acdicida.nsf/En/REN-218125542-Q37

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Globalisation of Higher Education Essay

The term ‘globalization’ implies mix of economies and social orders through crosscountry stream of data, thoughts, advancements, merchandise, administrations, capital, money and individuals. Globalization is a procedure, which has influenced numerous regions of human life, one of those being training. The impact of globalization on instruction acquire quick advancements innovation and correspondences are predicting changes inside learning framework over the world as thoughts, qualities and information, changing the jobs of understudies and instructors, and creating a move in the public arena from industrialization towards a nformation-based society. Globalization has a multi-dimensional effect on the arrangement of training. It advances new instruments and procedures here like E-Learning, adaptable learning, separation instruction programs and abroad preparing. The globalization of training is molding small kids of a nation into ‘global residents with a wide scope of abilities and information to apply to a serious data based society. Globalization additionally encourages worldwide joint effort and multifaceted trade. Globalization of advanced education is a significant worry for all social orders. As the basic main thrust of financial, social and human turn of events, training is at the core of the change that is significantly influencing our reality in the territories of science, innovation, monetary and culture. This paper will break down the positive and negative effect of globalization on Higher instruction for creating nations. Viable instruction framework is the establishment of chances to have a not too bad existence. One ought to guarantee that all Children ought to have satisfactory access to training at all salary level. The paper contends that instruction is a center component of society. The essential reason for worldwide disparity is because of the distinction in circumstances in instruction between various nations. Individuals can possibly contribute and profit by globalization on the off chance that they are invested with information, aptitudes, and values and with the capacities and rights expected to seek after their essential probabilities. The exactness of the examination is needy upon the precision of the information detailed by different individuals of the nation. The consequence of this examination will help all the divisions of the general public to see better, the way of life, qualities and training arrangement of different nations and encourages its selection. Instructors can likewise utilize this outcome to acquire the progressions their territories if essential. Presentation The term â€Å"Globalization† speaks to the worldwide framework that is molding most social orders today. Globalization is a procedure by which numerous regions of human life, for example, economies, social orders, legislative issues, business and societies have been influenced the world over. One of these territories being instruction. The term ‘globalization’ implies joining of economies and social orders through crosscountry streams of data, thoughts, advances, merchandise, administrations, capital, account and individuals. It s portrayed by a quickened progression of exchange, capital and data just as portability of people, across geological outskirts. It reflect far reaching level of cooperation than that has happened before, proposing something past the work â€Å"international†. Globalization implies more rivalry, not simply with different organizations or establishments in a similar city or a similar district. Globalization likewise implies that national fringes don't confine a nation’s speculation, creation, advancement and instruction. In this manner, the term â€Å"globalization† has procured numerous emotive substitutions. At one outrageous, globalization is viewed as a compelling and kindhearted power for conveying financial thriving to individuals all through the world. At the other, it is accused as a wellspring of every single contemporary sick. Be that as it may, while the hypothesis of globalization is moderately new, the procedure isn't. Roberson (1992) further expresses that globalization was at first examined from financial points of view, yet not long after it turned into a theme for conversations among savvy people from social viewpoints too. As per Giddens â€Å"Globalization the logic of homogenization and heterogenization† (1991. p22). As it were, globalization, by heightening the interconnectedness among various individuals, things and thoughts, homogenizes the world but then simultaneously, the world becomes heterogenized as individuals are progressively mindful of contrasts because of the expanding nearness with contrasts under a globalize world (Giddens, 1991 ). The idea of the world network being changed into a worldwide town, as presented in 1960 by Marshall Mc Luhan in a persuasive book about her recently shared understanding of broad communications, was probably going to be the principal articulation of the contemporary idea of globalization. Refered to in Epstein, 2002). After 1980, records of globalization concentrated on a declared propensity of social orders to join in getting current, depicted at first by Clark Kerr and partners as the rise of modern man (refered to in Robertson, 1992). One basic issue that rises up out of these rebuilding forms is the focal job of Knowledge, training and learning for the achievement of the Global Information Society (GIS) and worldwide data economy. Globalization impacts all parts of society. Advanced education may and business substance appear to be especially affected by them. In the twentieth century, may creating nations have xperienced development in the instructive offices accessible to them because of the passage of establishment from the west. Some accept that this procedure is a priceless open door for the individuals of the creating regions to expand their abilities and standard of training. Other dread that it is only a cutting edge adaptation of social government that will prompt the making of an all inclusive, at last western culture. Individuals can possibly contribute and profit by globalization in the event that they enriched with information, abilities and with capacities and rights expected to seek after their fundamental jobs. They need work and livelihoods, and a sound domain. These are the fundamental conditions with enable them to take an interest completely as residents in their neighborhood, national and worldwide networks. Training is a significant worry for all social orders. As the establishment and fundamental main impetus of monetary, social and human turn of events, training is at the core of the change that is significantly influencing our reality in the regions of science, innovation, financial aspects and culture. Steven Schwartz (http://www. Ssn.. flinders. edu. u) accepted that â€Å"Education, where conceivable, hould be incorporated into the private division on the grounds that ‘higher training is progressively and universal enterprise’ and along these lines will progressively be compelled and brought into deregulation and privatization. † This paper investigations the impact of globalization on advanced education and furthermore talks about the effect of globalization on advanced education, different chances and difficulties on the general public. Effect of Globalization of Higher Education. Training is experiencing steady changes under the impacts of globalization. The impacts of Globalization on instruction get quick improvements innovation and interchanges are oreseeing changes with in educational system over the world as thoughts, qualities and information, changing the job of understudies and instructors, and delivering a move in the public arena from industrialization towards and data based society. It mirrors the impact on culture and realizes another type of social dominion. It acquires fast improvement innovation and interchanges are predicting changes inside educational system over the world as thoughts, qualities and information. The ascent of a worldwide society, driven by innovation and correspondence improvement are molding hildren, the future residents of the world into ‘ worldwide citizens’, astute individuals with a wide scope of aptitudes and information to apply to a serious. , data based society. The eventual fate of nations frequently lies with in their capacity to contend in a worldwide market where modern based economies are offering approach to information based businesses, understanding the significance of â€Å"knowledge aptitudes and the scholarly ability to address the difficulties of quickened change and uncertainty†. Instruction is turning into a long lasting learning and preparing process, creating ransferable abilities and information that can be applied to serious markets where information and data is being exchanges as a product. In spite of the fact that globalization is by all accounts unavoidable to numerous provinces and various activity and endeavors have been made to adjust to it with targets accepting the open doors made from it to build up their social orders and individuals, as of late there are additionally expanding worldwide worries with the perilous effects of globalization on digenous and national turns of events. Different social developments have been started against the dangers of globalization especially in eveloping nations. The negative effects of globalization incorporate different sorts of monetary, political, and social colonization by cutting edge nations on those creating and immature nations. In evitable, how to augment the chances and advantages from globalization to help neighborhood advancements and lessen the dangers and negative effects of globalization will be the significant worries of creating nations. Chances of globalization of advanced education Knowledge is the main impetuses in the quickly changing globalize economy and society. Amount nd nature of particular HR decide their skill in the worldwide market. Rise of information brings about the two difficulties and openings. It is notable that the development of the worldwide economy has expanded open doors for those nations with great degrees of training. Globalization has a multi-dimensional effect on the arrangement of instruction. It promot

Friday, July 31, 2020

Busy times

Busy times For those of you hoping for an Admissions status update, here goes: were reading applications. Lots and lots of applications. Its been quite busy here in Admissions lately. In addition to the requisite 4-5 reading days each week, we have 2 work days with Admissions-related meetings. Today was pretty much consecutive meetings from 9am until 7pm for me. This morning was a meeting about our new viewbook, discussed in Bens latest post, followed by some planning for Campus Preview Weekend, and finally a meeting with a student group. And finally, after posting this entry, Ill be going home to relax tonight. Things are starting to get busy for students, too, as today was the third day of classes at MIT. Two of my favorite freshmen students dropped by together independently of each other, and both are taking one of my top-5 favorite classes at MIT: 4.101 Experiencing Architecture Studio with Professor Bill Hubbard (discussion of all five of my top-5 favorite classes in a future post). Even if youre not planning on doing architecture at MIT, I still encourage you to take this class; its really awesome. Are there any classes youre particularly psyched to try at MIT? Check out the MIT Subject Listings to see all of the cool stuff thats available

Friday, May 22, 2020

The Government Vs. Food - 863 Words

The Government Versus Food The American government tries their best to make sure the American public is safe. The American government has been tackling obesity by putting out guidelines of what to eat. The American government is doing as much as they can with the resources they have to get America healthy. Without these guidelines people would have much more trouble trying to figure out what is and is not healthy. Even with the guidelines that are given to the American public there is still a major problem with obesity. The American government is needed to make sure the American public is able to get healthy foods and not get an overabundance of unhealthy foods while doing physical activities The American government’s guideline has been around since the 1800’s (Davis). The guide has been updated many times since then. Most of us would know of the pyramid which in itself had two major updates. The pyramid guideline was used to give people an idea of what they should eat. This guideline was much better than its predecessor as it included every type of food group. Once it was discovered that the Food Pyramid was not as healthy as it appeared to be it got its second rendition it was still in the pyramid shape but it did not show a hierarchy of foods. It also wanted to show a diet should incorporate exercise and showed a person climbing up stairs. This guideline has since been updated to Myplate by the USDA (I choose MyPlate). The government made sure to update it to a moreShow MoreRelatedNigeria Economic Outlook719 Words   |  3 Pagesbonds, although with foreign investors skittish, the government may have to turn to more domestic financing, which could incre ase interest rates at home (Ogwumike, Ozughalu, 2016). Although the latest indicators hint at a slight economic uptick, with the PMI moving further into expansionary territory in April, much remains to be done. The foreign exchange market remains a particular worry, and in a recent staff visit the IMF urged the government to do away with currency controls so as to marry withRead MoreThe Four Types of Conflict in Shattered851 Words   |  4 Pagestypes of conflicts going on in the book are Human vs. Society, Human vs. Self, Human vs. Human and Human vs. Self. The one conflict that is really making this story apparent is Human vs. Society due to the Rwandan genocide. The Human vs. Self, Human vs. Human, Human vs. Self are the other conflicts that are making this story interesting after the Human vs. Society conflict. To Begin, the first type of conflict going in the book, Shattered, is Human vs. Society. The individual involved is Ian, he isRead MoreAmerica s 5d Dimensions For Vietnam And Usa1091 Words   |  5 PagesDistance vs. High Power Distance In Vietnam there is a great disparity between those who are economically on top of the ladder and those that are below. There is virtually no middle class therefore Vietnam gets a very high power distance ranking of 70. It should be noted that in these societies that have a high power distance, trust in their managers is vitally important to sustain a good work environment. This could be due to many reasons, one that it is a centralized communist government withoutRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Batman And The Dark Knight Rises Essay731 Words   |  3 PagesThere are five types of conflict that a character can experience: Person vs. Person, Person vs. Society, Person vs. God/Fate/ Destiny, Person vs. Self, and Person vs. Nature or Technology. Person vs. Person is conflict in which one character will oppose or be opposed by another character and an example of this is Creed where Adonis Creed fights Ricky Conlan so that Adonis can be the heavyweight champion. Person vs. Society is c onflict in which a character and the society that he/she lives in areRead MoreThe National School Lunch Program Essay856 Words   |  4 Pagesgreat depression. The government began to send farm commodities to schools in hopes of helping malnourished children. The National School Lunch Program provides nutrition to children across the United States. There are strict guidelines that school districts must follow to be eligible to participate in the National School Lunch Program funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. What is wrong with school lunches? The monies received by school districts from the government to fund the National SchoolRead MoreSocial Welfare Vs. The Market958 Words   |  4 Pagesessential needs are not satisfied, Such as healthcare, education, food, and housing which are the main components to survive everyday life.† Bradley, R. H., Corwyn, R. F. (2002). 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Do we blame it on ourselves, the government, or the supermarket? It is obviously and individual’s responsibility to keep one’s self healthy, but are there ways the government can strive for an overall healthier diet for Americans? Can we change the manipulative ways of Super Markets and persuade them to look past profit? The American government should put in effort to provide a better dietary path for American citizens by working on motivating individualsRead MoreBirth Defects And Its Effects On Society1441 Words   |  6 Pages(Birth Defects and Environmental Causes. ) The chemicals in industrial products come from many things, however, food is one of the largest contributors to birth defects. Therefore, it is important that consumers understand how the industry s use of c hemicals can affect one’s, health through their use of packing, synthetic chemicals, and the alternatives to chemical filled foods. People that work with plastic bottling plants and people who use plastics that are not BPA free have a chance to beRead MoreInformative Speech Outline : Genetically Modified Organisms886 Words   |  4 Pagesone ton. This is an estimate of how much — by weight — the average American eats over the course of one year. II. Thesis Statement: In fact, the food industry states that 75-80 percent of foods contain genetically modified ingredients, and I am here today to give you information about them. III. Audience Connection: A. In simplest terms, we all consume food. Therefore, we are all most likely also consuming Genetically Modified Organisms or GMOs, whether we are aware of it or not. Reliability to audience:

Sunday, May 10, 2020

U.s. Economy A Sinking Ship - 1089 Words

The U.S. Economy - A Sinking Ship Real economic growth is defined as, â€Å"the rate at which a nation s Gross Domestic product changes or grows from one year to another.† (â€Å"Real Economic Growth Rate†). In the U.S, GDP growth rate is currently 1.6%, compared to 1965, when it was 6.5% (Amadeo). Total Factory Productivity, or development of business processes and technological growth, is another measure of economic growth. The average TFP from 1891-1972 was 2.33, where the average TFP today is 1.33 (Matthews). It is apparent that the U.S. economy is not growing the way it once did. There are many reasons it is not doing well, and cannot grow how it used to. These include decreased productivity in the workforce, no new technology, limits on†¦show more content†¦This is negatively affecting workers and the economy. The money businesses are using to buy back their own stock could be going toward purchasing new equipment and facilities or rewarding employees through raises or increased benefits. Without increased wages, the standard of living stagnates or even decreases. In the past, technological revelations would spur investments and purchases of new technology within businesses, resulting in an increase in productivity. The last technological development was in the 1990s, with the IT revolution. From 1996 to 2004, the average Total Factory Productivity was 2.46, which is a record high. It was a large increase from 1972-1976, when the average TFP was 1.33 (Matthews). Technology benefits the economy through direct job creation, contribution to GDP growth, emergence of new industries, increase of efficiency in the workforce, and ways for businesses to reach out to consumers (Kvochko). As seen, technological revolutions encourage economic growth and productivity. In the past decade, no major advances in technology have been made. New innovations, such as smartphone apps, may make everyday tasks easier, but they certainly do not boost the economy. In some ways, they are a distraction to workers. Social media, like Twitter or Facebook, interfere with th e focus of workers and their efficiency in completing tasks. Technology that is currently being developed, likeShow MoreRelatedEssay on World War I: United States Involvement 1233 Words   |  5 Pagestook place that continued to anger the U.S. which eventually made them declare war on Germany on April 6th, 1917 (World War I). In doing this, they broke their policy of non intervention. The United States held out of the Great War for so long because of economic reasons, their policy of neutrality, and to avoid the morbid trench warfare (America). However, the United Stated eventually entered the war because of Germany sinking several U.S. passenger ships, and the publication of the ZimmermanRead MoreInfluence of German Naval Policy, American Economic Interests, and Allied Propaganda on the American Decision to Declare War on Germany in 19171051 Words   |  5 Pagesthis decision derived from U.S. economic interests abroad and on the homefront. Another influence leading to Ameri ca’s entrance into war was the use of Allied propaganda. Therefore, the combination of German naval policy, American economic interests, and allied propaganda influenced to the American decision to declare war on Germany. The stimulus of the German naval policy was arguably the most impactful on the decision of the U.S. to declare war on Germany. Though the U.S. had been established withRead MoreThe World War I Is War1653 Words   |  7 Pagesin 3 special events to make and force United States to take action and be part in World War 1. The three events that causes the United States to take part into World War I is the sinking of Lusitania, Zimmerman Telegraph, and Germany U-subs attacking trade ships on American soil. The sinking of the British passenger ship Lusitania is one out of 3 serious of events of America’s involvement in World War I. Before it happened, Germany is becoming more and more powerful especially technology wise. OneRead MoreEssay Conflict Between North and South Korea 1016 Words   |  5 PagesThe rising tension over the sinking of a South Korean ship reached to a serious conflict between South Korean and North Korea. South Korean is accusing North Korean for firing the torpedo on purpose which resulted in 46 sailors deaths. According to Yonhap news, North Korean military official accused the South of intruding into North Korean waters in the Yellow Sea. North Korea sends a warning message to South Korea by firing torpedo to warn South Korea to not intrude in to their waters in YellowRead MoreWorld War I Was A Neutral Nation1508 Words   |  7 PagesWhen World War 1 started, the U.S. was a neutral nation. There was more than one reason why the U.S.joined the war. The Lusitania s sinking was the one of the biggest influences on the American decision to enter the war. German submarine warfare sunk many ships (including the Lusitania) over several years. There were a lot of people who were against joining the war but public opinion was turned towards joining the war mostly because of Germany’s military acts, so the U.S. joined the war for economicRead MoreAmerica s Motives For The War I1419 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican economy because the Allies needed ammunition and Americans as their trade partners were to produce it, this will later affect Germany’s decision to continue their strategy of unrestricted submarine warfare on ships. Neutrality was hard to maintain when the United States’ closest trading partner, Britain, was quarantined by German ships. Germany were sinking ships that entered British waters, neutral or not. The Germans resorted to unrestricted submarine warfare against all ships becauseRead MoreEssay Why Did The Us Join World War 11081 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Washington gave his farewell address in 1796, the United States of America had largely stayed out of foreign political affairs, especially those concerning Europe. In addition, America still had diplomatic ties to many countries in Europe; the U.S. had a large number of German immigrants but was also sending billions of dollars of supplies to Great Britain and France. Also, the United States’ views were generally skewed towards those of the Allied Powers. Nonetheless, despite all of these tiesRead MoreThe United States During World War I906 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States had many reasons for growing around the war. They were involved with different ways to assist the economy, politics and economy. Economy around Word War I was booming for the United States. It was not only a great time for industry and manufacturing but also the American people. Women were not thought of as capable of doing most work. During this time women were being neglected for their rights. However, due to the draft in World War I it caused for many shortages in workers. AllowingRead MoreWhy the Us Entered World War 11518 Words   |  7 Pageswould be the sinking of the Lusitania, an British cruise/transport ship, bound for Britain from New York. The German U-boat ring sought to sink all supply ships headed for Britain in order to starve the island. It sank the Lusitania as part of its efforts. 1195 people died, including 128 Americans. The Lusitanias sinking was the biggest influence on the American decision to enter the war. German submarine warfare (the Lusitania is included in this) sunk many ships over severalRead MoreThe United States Of America And Spain Essay1350 Words   |  6 Pagesentity of social, political, and economic interest in the Western Hemisphere. The Monroe Doctrine clearly spells out that any territorial advances (or in this case, any territorial claims, whatsoever) would be recognized as an act of aggression and the U.S. would act accordingly (hint, hint – war). This document shaped the United States as the sole enforcer of both commerce and democracy in the Western Hemisphere in the minds of its constituents. Thusly, it is the least bit unusual to see President McKinley

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Virtuous Character of Desdemona Free Essays

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder, as is virtue. Such is the case of the virtue of the character Desdemona, from the play The Tragedy of Othello, by William Shakespeare. Desdemona was shown as a low moral, virtue less female in the essay The Character of Desdemona by John Quincy Adams. We will write a custom essay sample on The Virtuous Character of Desdemona or any similar topic only for you Order Now Contrary to this, the modern reader can see that Shakespeare actually showed her to be a virtuous and loving person, whose own innocence lead to her demise. Is Desdemona a virtuous character? Is there anyone who can be so self-sacrificing? Shakespeare is careful to give her a few minor flaws- her treatment of Brabantio, her stubborn persistence about Cassio, her lie about the handkerchief- to make her realistic. But the overall character of Desdemona is of high stature, it is her very innocence that makes her a victim of circumstance. As a young Venetian woman, Desdemona has lived a sheltered life in her father’s home. This sheltering gave her an innate passion for all the things that she was denied. She was denied all things that a modern day women would be allowed to do, including the right to fall in love with someone free of social status, age or race. She then falls in love, probably for the first time, with a man several years older than herself, from a faraway land, and of a different race. She is captivated by the man’s stories and wishes she were a man so that she might also have an exciting life, the very life she was denied because of her being a women. Knowing that her father would disapprove of her marriage to such a man, she elopes with Othello. Desdemona is portrayed as a lovely, courageous, gentle woman, deeply in love with her husband. However, she is not a perfect character but her morals, and her virtues are still there. In the play Desdemona says to her father Brabantio, â€Å"(I,iii;180) My noble father, I do perceive here a divided duty: To you I am bound for life and education; My life and education both do learn me How to respect you; you are the lord of duty†. No matter what the circumstances may be, she never stopped respecting her father. Though still she had to follow her heart. Her lover Othello says of her, â€Å"She gave me for my pains a world of sighs† (I,iii;168) However one person in time may see an event or character, another person in another time can perceive the same to be of completely different meanings. John Quincy Adams says that Desdemona lacks virtues and all she does is cause her father grief to his dying bed. He says that â€Å"the passion of Desdemona for Othello is unnatural, solely and exclusively because of his color. † Which if looked at by today†s standards would hold of no significance what the persons skin color is. Second he says that her elopement to him, and secret marriage with him, indicate a personal character not only very deficient in delicacy, but totally regardless of filial duty, of female modesty, and of ingenuous shame. Third he states, â€Å"her deficiency in delicacy is discernible in her conduct and discourse throughout the play. † Altogether he thinks that she has done nothing but wrong when she ran away for her love, and that she has low morals and no virtues because she has wronged her father. In contrast to what John Quincy Adams said of the character of Desdemona, proof from the play itself states otherwise. â€Å"If virtue no delighted beauty lack, Your son-in-law is far more fair than black†, John Quincy Adams uses that quote to illustrate how the skin color love affair had shown Desdemona to be of low morals, and that she had committed an unnatural thing. When as seen by today†s standards it is perfectly all right for two people of different races, ages, sexes, nationality and religions to be in love and to wed. Another quote from the play used by John Q. Adams is, â€Å"With the Moor, say’st thou? –Who would be a father? † that quote helps to illustrate how the father was hurt by the actions of his daughter. When in fact Desdemona meant no harm to her father, she simply wanted to do what†s right as is said by Iago, â€Å"She that was ever fair and never proud, Had tongue at will and yet was never loud†¦ (II,i;158). Also shown to us by Desdemona herself is how she felt towards her father all along, again proving wrong the portrayal of her by John Q. Adams, â€Å"(I,iii;180) My noble father, I do perceive here a divided duty: To you I am bound for life and education; My life and education both do learn me How to respect you; you are the lord of duty†. Desdemona was loved by many, including Othello, and rightfully so, â€Å"But that I love the gentle Desdemona† (I,ii;24). Even John Q. Adams is quoted saying himself in his essay, â€Å"Desdemona, †¦ is amiable and lovely,† towards the top of his last paragraph. Even he in the end admitted to the fact that Desdemona’s character is amiable, lovely, virtuous, and still retains its morals. Many people from separate time periods can look at Desdemona in different ways. The modern reader will apply the modern aspects of life to the story and look at it from that perspective, while someone like John Quincy Adams looks at it from the vision of the time period he lived in. How to cite The Virtuous Character of Desdemona, Papers

Wednesday, April 29, 2020

To be loved or feared as a leader Essay Essay Example

To be loved or feared as a leader Essay Paper Leaderships in Fieldss runing from military and political relations to concern and even instruction have been posed with the pick of transfusing love or fright among their several followings. Traits like heat and trustiness of a leader instill love among followings and fright of a leader originates largely from his strength and competency. Although there are legion other traits in a leader. heat and strength are the most influential. Harmonizing to psychological science. a major portion of other people’s perceptual experience about a individual is determined by these two dimensions of personality ( Cuddy. Kohut and Neffinger. 2013. p. 56 ) . The quandary of the pick between these two is inherently present in the nature of the two extremes i. e. either of the picks will do you fall at the opposing terminals of the human emotional spectrum. It is interesting to observe that the inquiry of taking between the two extremes is non a new one. Tracing this riddle back to the 16th century takes us to the Hagiographas of Machiavelli. His political doctrine in ‘The Prince’ acknowledges the best leaders to command both fright and love. Having said that. Machiavelli recognizes the opposite mutual opposition of the two emotions and maintains that since it is hard to unite both in one individual. it is better to be feared as a leader than to be loved ( Machiavelli. 2003. p. 53 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on To be loved or feared as a leader Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To be loved or feared as a leader Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To be loved or feared as a leader Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Today. about five hundred old ages subsequently. the Machiavellian construct of a feared leader is still rather strictly followed by leaders in Fieldss including concern. The issue that crops up here is the overemphasis on soft emotions like love in about every aspect of life as opposed to the usage of fright when it comes to leading. If worlds are managed better through fright. what is the topographic point of emotions like love. empathy and compassion in organisational kineticss and leading? Another facet that relates to this leading pick is the development of society over clip and the consequence of civilisation on human behaviour and manner of direction. For case. has the alteration from bossy to democratic societies and the alteration from perpendicular to horizontal manner of direction in organisations affected the mentality of people including the leaders and followings? From what I have observed while helping my male parent in political relations and supervising my household concern in Pakistan is that people are more antiphonal to a leader who demonstrates strength as opposed to a leader who shows heat. The first thing that came to my head was that this reaction is likely due to the fact that Pakistan is a underdeveloped state germinating into a enlightened society. I justified the fright theoretical account with retardation of the country and attributed it partially to cultural norms. But it was instead surprising to larn that this theoretical account is still practiced rather often in the developed universe every bit good. Taking the illustration of Texas Tech’s manager. Bobby Knight. who is widely respected for his leading. had adopted the same fright theoretical account. His abrasiveness dragged him into many contentions including the one where he allegedly choked a participant in pattern ( Snook. 2008. p. 18 ) . It can be argued that some Fieldss like organized athleticss. military or fabricating industry require such rigorous leading as keeping the concatenation of bid is of extreme importance. However. cognition industry has no such limitations but the same theoretical account has been applied there in assorted instances. I personally know a few successful concern proprietors in the US who rely on a stiff. strength based theoretical account to acquire the best out of their employees. On the flipside there are leaders who rely on trust and heat to pull out similar efficiency from their squads. Contrasting Bobby Knight’s illustration with Mike Kerzyzewski ( Coach K ) of Duke. we see that both of them commanded regard and following but their coaching attacks were pole apart. Coach K’s leading manner was based on unfastened communicating and compassion as opposed to Bobby Knight’s fierce attack ( Snook. 2008. p. 18 ) . Similarly. India’s reverent leader. Mahatma Gandhi is another illustration of commanding regard and following through love and heat. Furthermore. there’s the narrative of the General who went manner beyond the call of responsibility to personally cognize all of the officers developing under him ( Cohen. 2008. p. 149 ) . The General’s gesture was one of pure heat. This could be seen as an statement in favour of pertinence of the love theoretical account in any organisation regardless of its map and kineticss. Last. I would mention to the treatment in category where it was established that interpersonal accomplishments that come from emotional intelligence and emotional quotient are much of import for directors than proficient accomplishments that use academic intelligence and intelligence quotient. Based on the statements so far. it would be safe to state that leading can hold much more to make with heat and empathy than it is accredited for. And that the love theoretical account. like the fright theoretical account cuts across civilization. Fieldss and clip. There is ample grounds to back up both of the theoretical accounts of leading under assorted fortunes. What determines the effectivity of leaders is their ability to acquire an emotional response from followings. The response can be of fright or of love. Harmonizing to Gittell. Ledeen and Maccomby ( 2004. p. 15 ) . what matters is the determination devising. If the determinations taken by the leader are just. people will react to both heats and strength. But If the determination devising is arbitrary. people will discontinue to react to either emotion. However. experts differ in their sentiments about whether fright is more long lasting or love. Some feel that fright is more dependable as it has dread and penalty associated with it ( Gittell. Ledeen and Maccomby. 2004. p. 17 ) . While others believe that love and trust overpowers all other emotions ( Cuddy. Kohut and Neffinger. 2013. p. 56 ) . Since these are sentiments and we have seen both the attacks work in an every bit efficient mode. there is no manner to take one or the other. So. it boils down to a affair of penchant for me. Psychologists might hold farther insight into how the human head plants and receives certain stimulations to bring forth a response. It might do it easier to take one emotion but for the affair of this paper I found something else that might assist me make a decision. So. I’ll focal point on that. Toegel and Barsoux ( 2012. p. 75 ) believe that leading is personalized and that each leader has to calculate out his strengths and follow a method that suits him/her best. Psychology divides the human personality into five different classs. Toegel and Barsoux ( 2012 ) talk about pull offing your built-in psychological inclinations and aline them with one leading manner. If I apply it to the fright or love theoretical account under treatment. it would intend that it is better for the leader with an agreeable personality to seek and transfuse love among followings and an extravert to possibly utilize the fright theoretical account. However. this should be done carefully. The agreeable leader demands to do certain that he is non excessively considerate. This can be done by somewhat changing the built-in ‘need to be liked’ . The leader should larn to concentrate on equity instead than likeability ( Toegel and Barsoux. 2012. p. 88 ) . Similarly. the leader with an extravert personality should do certain that he/she is non excessively self-asserting or aggressive when taking up the fright theoretical account ( Toegel and Barsoux. 2012. p. 81 ) . Small accommodations can take attention of this issue every bit good. In add-on to alining the leading manner with their personality. leaders need to do certain that they analyze each state of affairs independently. I would take the autonomy of slackly using Peter Drucker’s advice approximately scheme to the pick between transfusing love or fright among employees. Drucker’s thought is non to establish scheme on a fixed expression. but to accommodate it harmonizing to the state of affairs ( Cohen. 2008. p. 203 ) . Leaderships should besides believe of the best manner a one leading manner would be good for them in one place at a certain house and another for a different place in a different house. For some people this might use from undertaking to project. But I tend to believe of it as a medium-term program. I say this because I feel that leading manner should non be every bit unstable as your pique. Otherwise. there is no point in taking up one manner or the other. In the concluding analysis about following a stance of strength or heat as a leader. I have reached the decision that neither of the two attacks is inherently more effectual than the other. There is grounds of effectivity of both methods over clip. regardless of cultural or geographical boundaries. The result of a peculiar attack would mostly vary from leader to leader and partially from state of affairs to state of affairs. However. certain steps like equity demand to be ensured no affair what attack is taken. The reply to why a apparently positive ( warm ) attack does non arouse a greater response as compared to a negative ( fear-inducing ) attack likely lies either in the individualism of worlds and the corporate diverseness in the personalities of different followings or in the mental make-up of worlds. MentionsCohen. W. A. ( 2008 ) . You must cognize your people to take them. In A category with Drucker: The lost lessons of the world’s greatest direction instructor ( pp. 147-159 ) . New York. New york: American Management Association. Cohen. W. A. ( 2008 ) . Base your scheme on the state of affairs. non on a expression. In A category with Drucker: The lost lessons of the world’s greatest direction instructor ( pp. 201-214 ) . New York. New york: American Management Association. Cuddy. A. J. C. . Kohut. M. . A ; Neffinger. J. ( 2013 ) . Connect. so lead. Harvard Business Review. 91 ( 7 ) . 54-61. Gittell. J. H. . Ledeen. M. A. . A ; Maccoby. M. ( 2004 ) . Leadership and the fright factor. MIT Sloan Management Review. 45 ( 2 ) . 14-18. Machiavelli. N. ( 2003 ) . Cruelty and compassion ; and whether it is better to be loved than feared. or the contrary. In G. Bull. A ; A. Grafton ( Translation ) . The Prince ( Reissue Ed. . pp. 53-55 ) . London. United kingdom: Penguin Classicss. Snook. S. A. ( 2008 ) . Love and fright and the modern foreman. Harvard Business Review. 86 ( 1 ) . 16-17. Toegel. G. A ; Barsoux. J-L. ( 2012 ) . How to go a better leader. MIT Sloan Management Review. 53 ( 3 ) . 75-92.

Friday, March 20, 2020

How to Read a Difficult Book

How to Read a Difficult Book Even if you have lots of experience in reading books, you will still come across a novel thats difficult to get through. You may find yourself  reading slowly because of the subject matter, the language, word usage, or the convoluted plot and character elements. When you are just attempting to get through the book, it may not really matter to you why the book is difficult, you just want to get to the end, so you can move on to your next reading pick. But there are ways to make even the hardest book less of a trial to get through.   Tips to Get Through Hard to Read Books Find your perfect  reading spot - a place where you can be comfortable and read. Figure out what conditions you need to be able to concentrate, study, and read most effectively. It may be easier for you to read at a desk, at a table in a quiet library, outside or in one of those cushy chairs at Starbucks. Some readers cant concentrate when theres any noise around them, while others can read anywhere. Reproduce those ideal conditions - particularly when youre reading a difficult book.Keep a dictionary with you as you read. Look up any words you dont understand. Also, jot down literary references that are escaping you. Are comparisons being made that are escaping your understanding? Look those references up! You may want to avoid using your smartphone for this task to avoid tempting distractions.  Look at how the book is organized by reading through the table of contents and reading the introduction. This may help give you a sense of what material is coming as you read.  Try to avoid skimming as much as possible. If a book is dense or dry it can be tempting to try to get through it as quickly as possible, but skimming can cause you to miss key points that would add to your comprehension.   If you own the book you are reading, you may want to highlight passages that seem important. Otherwise, you can take careful notes, keeping track of quotes, characters, or passages that you might want to return to later. Some readers find that by using flags or page markers, they can more easily find those sections that are essential to an understanding of the book. Keeping notes is a way to help ensure that you really think about what youre reading.  Dont become bleary-eyed. In other words, if the book seems too overwhelming, stop reading for a bit. Take this time to organize your ideas about the book. Write down any questions you have. If the concepts are still too difficult to grasp try talking about it with a friend to flush out what you are thinking (and feeling) about the work.Dont stop reading for too long. It can be tempting to put off finishing the book when the book seems too difficult  but dont give in to that temptation. If you put off continuing your reading for too long you may forget what youve read. Key elements of the plot or characterization may get lost over time so its best to try to keep reading at your usual pace. Get help! If youre still having a difficult time with the book, a tutor might be able to answer your questions. If youre reading for a class, consider talking with your teacher about your confusion. Ask him/her specific questions about the book.

Wednesday, March 4, 2020

UNUSUAL WRITING JOBS

UNUSUAL WRITING JOBS Youre here because you want to make money from your writing. Youve tried everything from writing filler articles for magazines to writing full-length features on every topic under the sun. Youve created a blog and put AdSense on it. Youre even trying to reach potential clients through social media. Well, Im here to tell you that you havent tried everything. Thousands of jobs, all created and available on the world wide web, require people who can write. They arent always called writing jobs because the end goal isnt a beautiful piece of writing, but they require writers because the process involves writing. Today Id like to mention three kinds of jobs which will use your skills as a writer, allow you to continue working flexibly from home, and which youve probably overlooked. 1. Social Media Jobs- businesses all over the world are using Twitter and Facebook to connect with their clients. Frankly, most would rather have someone else do it. Theyll even give you tips- what other sites in their niche to share content from, what their strategy has been so far, what hashtags youll want to use. All you have to do is stay up to date with what the companys doing and keep Twitter and Facebook up to date with them. Right now I get paid weekly for logging into someone elses Twitter and Facebook right after I log into mine, posting a couple updates and occasionally asking questions to their following. It takes twenty minutes out of my day and I get paid well to do it. So how do you find a social media job? Well, I found mine on Craigslist, and Ive seen several on Kijiji. Social media jobs are usually posted in the part-time section rather than the writing section, but its really about writing: how can you use your words to connect businesses to their clients? 2. Website

Monday, February 17, 2020

Rerum Novarum, especially its treatment of Socialism and Capitalism Essay

Rerum Novarum, especially its treatment of Socialism and Capitalism - Essay Example Consequently, it gives an opinion on the protection of property owned by individuals. The church promotes certain elements of capitalism while denouncing the extremist of the same ideology. The church gives socialism some sense of accommodation, though, only to the confines of providing collective support to the people, who are disadvantaged in terms of resource acquisition. However, most of the tendencies are of socialism are not championed and agitated for by the church. While the church encourages the state protection of property, it does not comment on social aspects that are owned collectively by the Society (Novarum 7). The state is viewed only as an agent of the rich, which is a characteristic of capitalism. Socialism does not promote the essence of work and wages a system that the church vehemently talks against. Reference is given to the works of the apostle Paul, who championed the essence of the work. To this end, socialism does not give much prominence as it is done for

Monday, February 3, 2020

Urban air pollution and the automobile Research Paper

Urban air pollution and the automobile - Research Paper Example The atmosphere of the earth is a thin cover composed of different gases and water vapors and is a great blessing for mankind as it surrounds the whole earth and sustains the human life on this planet. The vertical thickness and density of the atmosphere depends upon different ecosystems. The atmosphere along with its different ecosystems plays a significant role to maintain the overall planet’s temperature and in provision of coal, oil, food crops, and drinking water to human society. Man has exploited endlessly the available resources and has always assumed that they are inexhaustible. Today human has realized that he has been constantly disturbing the ecological balance and fast finishing the life-supporting systems on the earth. Urban pollution is caused by many factors like industrial and thermal power plants, but more importantly by vehicular emissions. As a result, the outdoor air quality in urban areas has deteriorated significantly. Statistics reveals that in last 30 t o 40 years, the concentrations of suspended particulate matter in huge cities like Mexico, New York, Tokyo, Mumbai, Karachi, Seoul, Beijing, Bangkok, and New Delhi etc were four to five times higher than levels recommended by world health organization (Brown, 1999). A substantial increase in the number of vehicles on urban roads continues to drive up levels of urban air pollution. Common gases emitted by vehicles include carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides, and ozone. These all gases are dangerous to human health beyond certain levels of concentration. Poly-aromatic hydrocarbons released by diesel-powered vehicles are known carcinogens, while smoke from diesel engines has aggravated already elevated levels of airborne soot. Nitrous oxides are emerging air pollutants with the highest concentrations recorded in metropolitans. Thesis Statement. People have right to use car, but there are many solution to save our environment; such as, public transportation and government should make rules to use car. The following paragraphs will deal this statement by describing the beneficiary management and role of public transportation, fuel used by different types of cars, and the corrective preventive measures to control the urban pollution produced by automobiles. II. Public Transportation As compared to 100 years ago, no doubt today human being is enjoying much better mode of travelling throughout the world like presently cars, buses, trams, trains, and subways are facilitating millions of human being daily. According to World Resource Institute (2008), all these transportations contribute to almost 25% of the overall global energy consumption while cars are responsible for about 80%. Since automobiles are major cause of emission of greenhouse gases in atmosphere (Fenger et al, 1999), therefore in respect of urban pollution, the use of public transport is very beneficial because per head it produces less greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere than cars. Secondly, the us e of public transportation is cost effective both at individual and national level. Although the use of public transportation is less glamorous, however, it keeps the individual free of searching the parking, fuel, and maintenance of personal vehicle. An integrated and well-planned network of public transportation have shown much better results in reduction of greenhouses gases and other pollutant material into air. For example in United States, there were almost 1.6 cars for every two Americans in 2005 while at the same time 160 Americans were entertained by a single trolleybus. By the advent of trams in Europe, great results have been observed. Trams and trains carry millions of people inside the city on regular basis and thus prevent the society from further automobile pollution which could have been occurred by the use of their passengers. III. Fuel of Vehicles Numbers of fuel options are available now days for the owners to use in their vehicles. However,

Sunday, January 26, 2020

Introduction To Contextual Study Of Nestle Marketing Essay

Introduction To Contextual Study Of Nestle Marketing Essay Nestlà © Company had started off from a single mans idea, and developed into a giant corporation. In 1866 Henri Nestlà ©, a pharmacist, developed a milk food formula for infants who were unable to tolerate their mother milk (Nestle.com). His product became a success, and it created a demand throughout Europe. As Nestlà ©s popularity grew more businesses wanted to merge and become partners with Henri Nestlà ©s business. From 1866 to 1947 the Nestlà © Company had gone through several name changes. In 1905, Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co. and Farine Lactee Henri Nestlà © merged, and the companys name became Nestlà © Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co. Then in 1929, Peter-Cailler-Kohler Chocolats Suisses S.A. merged with the company. The name was then changed to Nestlà © Anglo-Swiss Holding Co. Ltd, on November 27, 1936. In December 1947, Co. acquired all the shares capital of the Alimentana S.A. company in exchange for fifteen Nestlà © shares and fifteen Unilac shares for each of Alimentana S.A. share, so this point the name was at Nestlà © Alimentana S.A. And then finally, the last name change that the company would endure was in 1977, where it adopted the name Nestlà © SA (Mergent Online). The dairy products at Nestlà © are a big driving force for the growth of the companys sales. With the health kick of the many individuals around the world, it pushes the innovator and renovators of Nestlà © to reach new height in finding better and healthier products for their consumers. In 1998, the dairy business had accounted for 5% of the companys sales revenue (Rodgers, 2000). More recent, in the first half of 2004, Nestlà © milk-based products, nutrition, and ice cream accounted for 60% of Nestlà © revenue growth (Nutraingredients.com). The amount of 60% is a big portion of the companys earnings, so it would be best for Nestlà © to focus a big portion of their core competencies and resources on the fast growing dairy division. Which leads us into the most recent yogurt produced by Nestlà ©s, which is the LC1. Nestlà © strives on being innovator and renovators. So their research team in Switzerland discovered a culture called Lactobacillus acidophilus, or La-1. This particular product was chosen because it contains a probiotic agent, which is living microbial feeding supplements that allow the lower intestine to function better (Rodgers, 2000). La-1 helps the small intestine function by improving the bodys immune system, and in turn helping the body in preventing diseases. Nestlà © has now found a solution for their health conscious consumers, but now they need to find away to implement it into one of their products. That when the researchers at Nestlà © discovered that if they replace one of the mixes in their yogurt with the La-1 the same texture would be maintained. Now with the combination of Nestlà © yogurt mix and the La-1; Nestlà © has given their yogurt the name of LC1. Decentralization Switzerland is home to Nestles Swiss subsidiary, its international headquarters and the registered office of Nestles holding company, but Nestle does not regard its Swiss headquarters as the center of the universe. Decentralization is a basic principle of Nestle. Their policy is to adapt as much as possible to regional circumstances, mentalities and situations. By decentralizing operational responsibility, they create strength and flexibility and are able to make decisions that are better attuned to specific situations in a given country. Policies and decisions concerning personnel, marketing and products are largely determined locally. This policy creates stronger motivation for Nestles executives and employees and a greater sense of identification with Nestles business. It is not Nestles policy to generate most of its sales in Switzerland, supplemented by a few satellite subsidiaries abroad. Nestle strives to be an insider in every country in which it operates, not an outsider. ` Research and development Nestle is probably unique in the food industry in having an integrated research and development program that engages in applied and basic research in the fields of human physiology, health, nutrition and raw materials. Their research and development program gives them the capacity to create new types of products that they cannot even imagine today, especially in the critical area where preventive medicine and food products overlap. In addition, as concern for the environment grows, research will play an important role in overcoming environmental problems. For Nestle this is particularly important in packaging. While Nestlà © Corporate Business Principles  will continue to evolve and adapt to a changing world, their basic foundation is unchanged from the time of the origins of Company, and reflects the basic ideas of fairness, honesty, and a general concern for people. Nestlà © is committed to the following Business Principles in all countries, taking into account local legislation, cultural and religious practices: Nestlà ©s business objective is to manufacture and market the Companys products in such a way as to create value that can be sustained over the long term for shareholders, employees, consumers, and business partners. Nestlà © does not favor short-term profit at the expense of successful long-term business development. Nestlà © recognizes that its consumers have a sincere and legitimate interest in the behavior, beliefs and actions of the Company behind brands in which they place their trust, and that without its consumers the Company would not exist. Nestlà © believes that, as a general rule, legislation is the most effective safeguard of responsible conduct, although in certain areas, additional guidance to staff in the form of voluntary business principles is beneficial in order to ensure that the highest standards are met throughout the organization. Nestlà © is conscious of the fact that the success of a corporation is a reflection of the professionalism, conduct and the responsible attitude of its management and employees. Therefore recruitment of the right people and ongoing training and development are crucial. Nestlà © continues to maintain its commitment to follow and respect all applicable local laws in each of its markets. In Nestlà ©s view, it must be fully integrated in the social, cultural and economic fabric of the countries in which it operates. Thus no matter which country it operates in, it is committed to strengthening local communities. VISION AND STRATEGY The Nestlà © global vision is to be the leading health, wellness, and nutrition company in the world. Nestlà © Pakistan subscribes fully to this vision. In particular, we envision to: Lead a dynamic motivated and professional workforce proud of its heritage and bullish about the future. Meet the nutritional needs of consumers of all age groups from infancy to old age, from nutrition to pleasure, through an innovative portfolio of branded food and beverage products of the highest quality. Deliver shareholder value through profitable long-term growth, while continuing to play a significant and responsible role in the social, economic and environmental sectors of the country. Our brands are the preferred choice in their categories. Consumer insight drives all aspects of our marketing and communication efforts. Our communications to the consumer are relevant, cutting-edge, and adhere to the highest standards of responsible communication. Our company is seen as the No. 1 career destination for talented, motivated and ambitious professionals. Our result-oriented organizational structure ensures effective communication and empowered self-management. Our milk collection and agri services will continue to play the primary role in development of the dairy sector in rural Pakistan. Our proactive innovation and renovation culture is the key to our success in the marketplace. Fully integrated systems (Nestlà © Pakistan, suppliers, customers) ensure efficient business processes. Non-strategic activities and products are outsourced or discontinued. Headquarters: Greenwich, CT, USA Brands: 14 Related to: Nestlà © Waters, Paris, France, a subsidiary of Nestlà ©, S.A., Vevey, Switzerland Products Nestlà © has a wide range of products across a number of markets including coffee (Nescafà ©), bottled water, other beverages, chocolate, ice cream, infant foods, performance and healthcare nutrition, seasonings, frozen and refrigerated foods, confectionery and pet food. Business segments Beverages Milk Products, Nutritional, and Ice Cream Prepared Dishes and Cooking Aides Confectionery Other Food Beverages Pet Care Pharmaceutical Products Nestle Pakistan Milestone In 1912 Nestle begins its long relationship with South Asia when the nestle Anglo-Swiss condensed Milk company starts importing and selling finished products in the Indian market. Nestle makes clear a distinction between strategy and tactics. It gives priority to the long-range view. Long-term thinking defuses many of the conflicts and contentions among groups this applies to employment conditions and relations with employees as well as to the conflicts and opposing interests of the trade and the industry. Of course, ability to focus on long-term considerations is only possible if the company is successful in the struggle for short-term survival. This is why Nestle strives to maintain a satisfactory level of profits every year. Nestlà © describes itself as a food, nutrition, health, and wellness company. Recently they created Nestlà © Nutrition, a global business organization designed to strengthen the focus on their core nutrition business. They believe strengthening their leadership in this market is the key element of their corporate strategy. This market is characterized as one in which the consumers primary motivation for a purchase is the claims made by the product based on nutritional content. In order to reinforce their competitive advantage in this area, Nestlà © created Nestlà © Nutrition as an autonomous global business unit within the organization, and charged it with the operational and profit and loss responsibility for the claim-based business of Infant Nutrition, HealthCare Nutrition, and Performance Nutrition. This unit aims to deliver superior business performance by offering consumers trusted, science based nutrition products and services. The Corporate Wellness Unit was designed to integrate nutritional value-added in their food and beverage businesses. This unit will drive the nutrition, health and wellness organization across all their food and beverage businesses. It encompasses a major communication effort, both internally and externally, and strives to closely align Nestlà ©s scientific and RD expertise with consumer benefits. This unit is responsible for coordinating horizontal, cross-business projects that address current customer concerns as well as anticipating future consumer trends. Nestlà © is a global organization. Knowing this, it is not surprising that international strategy is at the heart of their competitive focus. Nestlà ©s competitive strategies are associated mainly with foreign direct investment in dairy and other food businesses. Nestlà © aims to balance sales between low risk but low growth countries of the developed world and high risk and potentially high growth markets of Africa and Latin America. Nestlà © recognizes the profitability possibilities in these high-risk countries, but pledges not to take unnecessary risks for the sake of growth. This process of hedging keeps growth steady and shareholders happy. When operating in a developed market, Nestlà © strives to grow and gain economies of scale through foreign direct investment in big companies. Recently, Nestlà © licensed the LC1 brand to Mà ¼ller (a large German dairy producer) in Germany and Austria. In the developing markets, Nestlà © grows by manipulating ingredients or processing technology for local conditions, and employ the appropriate brand. For example, in many European countries most chilled dairy products contain sometimes two to three times the fat content of American Nestlà © products and are released under the Sveltesse brand name. Another strategy that has been successful for Nestlà © involves striking strategic partnerships with other large companies. In the early 1990s, Nestlà © entered into an alliance with Coca Cola in ready-to-drink teas and coffees in order to benefit from Coca Colas worldwide bottling system and expertise in prepared beverages. European and American food markets are seen by Nestlà © to be flat and fiercely competitive. Therefore, Nestlà © is setting is sights on new markets and new business for growth. In Asia, Nestlà ©s strategy has been to acquire local companies in order to form a group of autonomous regional managers who know more about the culture of the local markets than Americans or Europeans. Nestlà ©s strong cash flow and comfortable debt-equity ratio leave it with ample muscle for takeovers. Recently, Nestlà © acquired Indofood, Indonesias largest noodle producer. Their focus will be primarily on expanding sales in the Indonesian market, and in time will look to export Indonesian food products to other countries. Nestlà © has employed a wide-area strategy for Asia that involves producing different products in each country to supply the region with a given product from one country. For example, Nestlà © produces soy milk in Indonesia, coffee creamers in Thailand, soybean flour in Singapore, candy in Malaysia, and cereal in the Philippines, all for regional distribution. As a matter of fact a good strategy is not the only necessary prerequisite for operating successfully in foreign markets. In markets of transitory nations or even less developed nations there could be a risk in terms of political instability harming the political economy such as the security of property rights, macroeconomic and cultural uncertainties are as well an issue. To a certain extent environmental changes occur with the notion of endangering the basic strategy. In order to avoid these influences and to counter react on these a company needs the ability of gaining steady learning process which needs ultimately to be implemented with a cross-functional attitude among all functional levels. Flexibility is another distinctive competencies a company must be able to achieve to react as quickly as possible to changing environments. As a consequence, the company must implement mechanisms allowing it to respond to changes in local demand, cultural barriers and political fluctuation. Ethnocentric behaviour must be avoided in any circumstances in order to approach the market in the appropriated way. A company must as well learn to consider decisions under the long-run perspective, because markets can be conquered within short period, but the successful implementation of a strategy needs more time than that. Entering a new market requires some pre-math. The company must estimate the perspectives it has in that new market with regards to threats and opportunities formulating the profile of that country. Basing on this profile the company is able to figure out the strategical approach. One important part of the strategy must be the cultural awareness, which means a company should employ locals in order lower cultural barriers and resentments established by the foreigner. Hence, this results in a better insight and handling of local demand conditions and knowledge about the customer. In order to guarantee flexibility the functional level units must have their own responsibility and must have freedom in decision making, which allows a quick response towards market fluctuations. To relate these statements to this case Nestles business process in Nigeria gives a good example. An entirely new marketing approach, distribution channel and network had to be set up due to changing demands, lacking infrastructure and a lack of security. Nestle managed these threats successfully by understanding the culture and the being aware of the lack of essentials. Joint ventures Nestlà © holds 26.4% of the shares of LOrà ©al, the worlds largest company in cosmetics and beauty. The Laboratoires Inneov is a joint venture in nutritional cosmetics between Nestlà © and LOrà ©al, and Galderma a joint venture in dermatology with LOrà ©al. Others include Cereal Partners Worldwide with General Mills, Beverage Partners Worldwide with Coca-Cola, and Dairy Partners Americas with Fonterra. SWOT analysis Strengths: Nestles LC1 division has many strengths. Their first is that they have a great CEO, Peter Brabeck. Brabeck emphasizes internal growth, meaning he wants to achieve higher volumes by renovating existing products, and innovating new products. Another strength that Nestle has is that they are low cost operators. This allows them to not only beat the competition by producing low cost products, but by also edging ahead with low operating costs. Weaknesses: The main weakness of the LC-1 division of Nestle is that they were not as successful as they thought they would be in France. The launch in France was in 1994, but since the late 1980s, Danone had already entered the market with a health-based yogurt. The second weakness is that LC-1 was positioned as too scientific, and consumers didnt quite understand that LC-1 was a food and not a drug Nestle also has multiple critical resources. They have a great research and development team. Opportunities: An opportunity that Nestle has is that health-based products are becoming more popular in the world, including in the United States. Nestle also has an opportunity of being even a larger market leader in Germany with LC-1. Within two years of launching the product in Germany, they had captured 60% of the market. This was due to the fact that they differentiated the product, and Germans simply preferred the taste. Another opportunity of LC1 is that, because they are a market leader, they can introduce more health-based products in Germany. Threats: A threat to Nestle is the fact that some markets they are entering are already mature. Danone had an established leadership position in the yogurt market in France. Since Danone was the first to arrive in the market, they have always been the market leader there. Also consumers in France liked the taste of LC-1, but researchers believe they did not repurchase the yogurt because they preferred the taste of Danone products better. Another threat to Nestle is that there is intense competition in the United States yogurt market. General Mills Yoplait division is the leader in the yogurt market in the United States. Yoplait has been the leader for years and is constantly innovating new health products. Competitors General Mills has been a strong competitor of Nestle Unilever NV (UN) A Dutch company that produces packaged foods and products for the home and personal care markets. Unilever is one of Nestles largest international competitors. Kraft Foods (KFT) A U.S. company that produces packaged foods products. Kraft is one of Nestles largest U.S. based competitors. On January 19, 2010, Kraft bought Cadbury Schweppes (CSG) for $19.5 billion, creating the largest candy company in the world and strengthening Krafts international presence. Cadbury Schweppes (CSG) is a U.K. company that produces products for the confectionery and non-alcoholic beverages markets; they compete with Nestles beverage and confectionery products internationally and in the U.S. GROUPE DANONE (DA) A French company that produces packaged foods and beverages. Groupe Danone competes with Nestle internationally and in the U.S. Hershey Foods (HSY) A U.S. company that produces chocolate and sugar confectionery products. Hershey Foods competes with Nestles confectionery brands mostly in North America.

Friday, January 17, 2020

Womens Rights in the Workplace

Brittany Dorris Mr. Dean Ford Eng. 101 04 October 2010 A Wife, a Mom, and a Worker Women fought very hard for their rights in the workplace. Some of them, including Susan B Anthony, went above and beyond the norm. Yet, today our rights are still not the same as a man’s. At one point women weren’t allowed to work at all, and today they are allowed to have jobs while still being home makers. Although improvements have been made, there are still several dilemmas that need to be addressed. A women earns less than a man when doing the same work, and that is extremely unfair.Another issue in the workplace is that men underestimate women due to lack of strength and discrimination. There are also the issues of pregnancy and sexual harassment. Due to financial aspects, discrimination, and issues solely based on gender, women are not treated equally in the workplace. A young adult female will pay the same tuition as a young male throughout school, yet in the workplace she will ea rn less money. A woman only earns 77 cents on the dollar of what a man earns (Talk). The average 25 year old woman working full time until age 65 will earn $523,000 less than the average working man (Rodriguez).It is unjust that a female pays the same for an education in order to get a job, but a male at the same job will earn more money. African American women earn 72 cents to the dollar of a white male and Latino females earn 60 cents (Williams). If a woman is required to pay the same bills as a man, then why does she earn less for doing the same job? If a man has an electricity bill for $100 and earns 10 dollars per hour, he only has to work ten hours in order to pay the electricity bill. When a woman has a $100 electric bill and works the same job as the aforementioned male, she would have to work more than 10 hours.Women aren’t required to work at a slower pace than men and are required to pay the same for bills and schooling, so it is not fair for them to make less mone y. Women are often discriminated against and belittled in the workplace due to factors that are not logical. It is frequently claimed that woman should have to ‘fit in’ to a ‘masculine culture’, but there is little systematic evidence on this (Faulkner 2). Women are too often discriminated against and underestimated when it comes to careers. An example of women being underestimated while at work is in the military.Though the percentage of women in the U. S military has increased dramatically since 1980, which is when they were first allowed to serve, women are less likely to go into combat. Although there are no laws that prohibit women from going into combat, there are laws that prohibit women from going into permanent assignments such as ships and aircrafts, according to a study conducted by the Women’s Research and Education Institute. Most of these restrictions are for the Marine Corps, Navy and Air Force. There are also policies that restrict wo men’s roles in the Army.Though there are some restrictions on women’s roles in the military, the Coast Guard and Department of Transportation give women opportunities. As a matter of fact, the proportion of jobs available to women in the Coast Guard and Department of Transportation is 100 percent compared to other services in the military, according to the study. (Rodriguez) There is no logical reason why a female should not be allowed to work permanently on jobs and assignments such as ships and aircrafts. Females are completely capable of using high intellect, doing hard labor, and running equipment.It is very wrong of men to treat women so poorly in the workplace due to stereotypes. Another example of female discrimination in the workplace that I know about from personal experiences is my mother’s career. My mother works in construction and does finish work on houses. She is treated very poorly by her male coworkers because they do not agree with her working a job that they see as a ‘mans job’. Regardless of their asinine opinions, she is usually the first one done with her assignments and considered by her bosses to be one of the hardest workers in the company.Sadly, she is still paid less than the men at her job. If she is truly one of the best employees then she should be given a raise instead of being awarded less cash. It is illegal to not hire someone based on their race, yet it is legal to pay a woman less due to her sex. It should be clear to everyone that women are treated poorly and unfairly in the workplace everyday. Another stereotypical belief is that women aren’t as intelligent as men. If this were true, then the female generations of our past would not have come as far as they have today in the workplace.There are women involved in politics, the medical field, and education. If men were truly more intelligent, then women would not be capable of being successful in those fields. Linda Tapp, president of Crown Safety in Cherry Hill, and a very successful female, states that â€Å"gender discrimination is still live and well. No matter how much we like to think things have changed, there are more than a few people out there who think a woman can still not do the same jobs a man can do†(Eglash). In my own experience, I have learned that female teachers and doctors do an equally good job as males in those fields.A woman is fully capable of doing a job that requires high intellect, just as a man is. I believe that it is ridiculous and unjustified for a man to treat a woman at work poorly because he believes that men are more intelligent. While for the most part women and men are the same, there are biological differences that should be taken into account. One of the main differences is the fact that females can become pregnant. Instead of treating women better in the workplace and respecting them for trying to keep a job while pregnant, men tend to treat them poorly.In 1964, the Title VII was amended by the Pregnancy discrimination Act; it was put into action in order to eliminate the issue of pregnancy affecting a female’s career (Kazlowski 27). Although it is illegal to dismiss a woman from her career due to her becoming pregnant, there are still cases where it happens. Not only are women required to do the same work as a man for less pay, but they are also expected to be good mothers and attentive wives. I believe that a woman should be paid more than a man due to the fact that they tend to have more to balance in their daily lives.A female teacher who is pregnant gets less sleep than a male teacher,. and the female still has to show up at work bright and early. Women are not cut enough slack while pregnant and still earn less than a man. Have a guy carry 30 extra pounds on his stomach and see if he can still do his job. Some people say that women have unfair advantages when it comes to acquiring jobs and that makes it acceptable for them to be p aid less. I agree that in some circumstances women are unrightfully rewarded jobs due to being â€Å"attractive females† but that does not justify them being paid less.I personally believe that I was given my job due to the fact that I am a young female, but I still work as hard as my male coworkers in order to try and earn respect and get equal pay. Although this is not always a bad aspect for females, it still places them in an unequally category next to men. One of the main issues that are present in the workplace for females is sexual harassment. Women are constantly being disrespected based on sex, including at the workplace. If that is not poor treatment, then I don’t know what is.Despite common assumptions, new research suggest that women are not more likely to be sexually harassed when they are the minority or majority in a work group. Instead, researchers found that in most cases, women were sexually harassed at work when their work group had a similar proport ion of males and females. (McGuire) This says that when a woman is given an equal opportunity to work somewhere, she is more likely to be sexually harassed while at work, and that leaves her in an unfair predicament. Sexual harassment is a crime and can make someone feel degraded and disrespected.Some women only have jobs because they allow their bosses and coworkers to sexually harass them, and I know this because I am one of them. My own male coworkers say they wish they could keep a job just by being â€Å"attractive†. They do not understand that it affects someone’s confidence when they know the only reason they have a job is solely based on looks. A female senator was once called a prostitute and attractive (Thompson). This is one of the many examples of verbal harassment that women all over the world face everyday in the workplace.Physical harassment such as groping also exist for females at work. While most harassment isn’t done maliciously, most women wo uld much rather have their job because they deserve it and not because they are female. Women should be treated equally as a whole, not just where it gives them an advantage, such as attaining the job in the first place. Women are treated unequally and unfairly throughout the world. Some of the situations work in a woman’s favor while others give them a large disadvantage. There are females who don’t work hard, and get to keep their jobs based solely on attractiveness.Then we have women who work hard and still get paid less than a man. If that is the case, then a woman’s bills and school tuition should also be 77 cents to the dollar, or they should not be required to work as hard for their money. Let’s not forget to mention that there are still jobs that women have difficulty or are not capable of acquiring, such as manual labor jobs or technical jobs. If we can have female body builders who are stronger than most men, then we should be able to have femal es working in all fields of the army.Sexism and unfairness in the workplace is a big issue that shouldn’t be ignored. Maybe the reason it is so often ignored is because it stirs up failure and embarrassment for the American government, since they fought against it for 30 years (Rodriguez). As a country, we should fight to end the fact that women are treated unequally in the workplace, rather than ignore it. All women should earn the same wages as men and be given the same job opportunities. Also they should not be stereotyped or discriminated against while in the workplace.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

High Fat And Low Carb Diet - 932 Words

Learning that (good) fats are good, and wheat is bad (white or whole, it all has gluten), one may think, â€Å"What should I eat then?†. The answer is a high-fat and low-carb diet. An excellent example of such a diet is called the Paleo diet. Nutritionist Stephanie Eckelkamp discusses the theory behind the Paleo diet, â€Å"The theory is, our bodies haven t evolved to properly digest these modern foods, which became widely consumed only upon the advent of agriculture 12,000 years ago†. Evolution happens very slowly, so our stomachs know the chemistry of meat, fat, and veggies. It knows how to break them down. If the species of felines have been eating meat, then why would anyone start to force all cats to start eating beans and rice? That food wasn’t meant for them, and it would probably make them really sick. If humans have been eating meat, fat, and veggies for so long and have been never had a problem with weight, then why is everyone so surprised that large q uantities of GMO food (genetically modified food that has been changed in a lab), featuring modern-day gluten, has dramatically increased obesity and is killing more people than cigarette smoking? What about the people who have lost weight with the low-fat and high-carb diet? A recent study done by a Harvard team of professors looks at the difference between high-fat and high-carb and their effects for weight loss. Amby Burfoot, who wrote an article explaining the study, reported this, â€Å"After six days, the high-carb groupShow MoreRelatedLow-Carb Diets Proven to be Effective Essay945 Words   |  4 Pageswant to go on a diet and lose weight? The low-carb diet is a great option, you’ll lose more weight, and faster than other diets! The health benefits of a low-carb diet significantly outweigh the negatives. First, let’s look at some of the background information of low-carb diets. Also, we will look at a couple different diets and what their different phases are. A low-carb diet is one that restricts the intake of carbohydrates for the purpose of losing weight. Foods high in carbs, like sugar, breadRead MoreLow Fat Diet vs. Low Carb Diet1391 Words   |  6 PagesLow Fat Diet vs. Low Carb Diet Low Fat Diet Fat is the number one enemy of a lot of people, particularly the medical people and people going into diet and are health conscious. It gets a lot of the attention for many good reasons. Cholesterol levels in the blood could increase because of it and ultimately a persons risk for heart disease would also heighten. Also, some fatty foods, or basically the delicious foods such as bacon, sausage, and potato chips often have fewer vitamins and mineralsRead MoreThe Harm in Low Carb Diets762 Words   |  3 Pages†¨Low carb diets are basically anti-carbohydrates diets. Low carb diets make you eat fewer carbs than most doctors would suggest. While the experts recommend that adults get about half of their calories from carbs, low-carb diet limits the eating of carb to10 percent of daily calories consumed. Before going anti-carb, lets know what they are. Carbs are very important nutrients in food. They are the body’s main energy source, supplying energy for everyday activities and making sure everything fromRead MoreEssay on Low Carbohydrate Versus Low Fat Diets1098 Words   |  5 Pages The purpose of this essay is to compare Low carb and Low Fat diets and examine their similarities and differences. Two studies in the New England Journal of Medicine provide evidence that in the short term, a low-carbohydrate diet helped people lose weight without any adverse effects. In the last decade, several leading nutritional scientists have taken the side effects into consideration. They have begun to think that the low carb diet may be partly right about losing weight, and scientistsRead MoreObesity : A Negative Consequences For Individuals And Society955 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing obesity rates in the US. The Center for Disease and Control (CDC) states 78.6 million, or 34.9% of all US adults, are obese (CDC). This phenomenon is beyond absurd. The ease and convenience of fatty fast foods, salt laden quick meals, and high-fructose corn syrup in a majority of foods, such as soft drinks, juices, and snacks, contributes to weight gain. Add in sedentary lifestyles su ch as office jobs, couch potato’ing, etc. with little to no physical activity and this weight gain goesRead MoreBenefits Of Low Carb Diets972 Words   |  4 Pagesit seems low carb/high protein diets, such as The Atkins Diet, have been a trendy fad to help people lose weight quickly and to help manage people with Type 2 Diabetes. However, low carb diets have proven to have hidden truths, such as, unwanted side effects, physical health problems, and lack of long term sustainability. The number one reason many people jump on the trendy low carbohydrate (carbs) diet is to lose weight. In the 1970’s, Dr. Atkins found that by drastically reducing carbs or eliminatingRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity912 Words   |  4 Pagestrendy low carb diets, such as the Akins Diet, to help reduce these health related risks and issues. However, as a result low carb diets have proven to have unwanted side effects, physical health problems, and lack of long term sustainability. The number one reason many people jump on the trendy low carbohydrate (carbs) diet is to lose weight. According to the Mayo Clinic, â€Å"the Atkins Diet has been around since 1972, when cardiologist Robert C. Atkins created it. Dr. Atkins said that dietary fat isn’tRead More Comparing and Contrasting the Atkins and South Beach Diets Essays982 Words   |  4 PagesBeach Diets The Atkins and South Beach diets appear to be the same, but they do have their differences. They both suggest that limiting carbohydrates in ones? meals is a successful way to lose weight. Each diet also consists of a series of phases where carb intake can gradually increase. Although these correlations between the two diets make them difficult to be distinguished, they are in fact quite dissimilar. Whereas the Atkins diet allows consumption of all fats and hardly any carbs, theRead MoreDiet You Will Be Cutting Out Most Carbs And Eating Low Carb1294 Words   |  6 PagesAtkins Diet In the Atkins Diet you will be cutting out most carbs and eating low-carb. There are about 4 phases to the diet. Phase 1- cutting out almost all carbs and eating mostly vegetables for any carbs you would get that day. While cutting out carbs, you will be eating for protein. Phase 2- You are still eating the vegetables, you will start adding berries and nuts. Phase 3- Adding more foods to your diet. Adding more carbs back. Phase 4- Maintaining your weight and continuing to eat healthyRead MoreThe Body s Energy From Four Key Fuels1655 Words   |  7 Pagessotred in liver and the muscles 2) protein, which can be converted to glucose in the liver 3) fat, which is stored primarily in adipose tissue. Under specific conditions a fourth fuel comes into play -ketones which are derived from the incomplete breakdown of free fatty acids. Under normal dietary conditions ketones play a minimal role in energy prodcition. During times of Low carb dieting or starvation diets ketones impact energy p roduction significantly. When looking at storage of bodily fuels triglyceride

Wednesday, January 1, 2020

A Raisin in the Sun Free Essay Example, 1000 words

A Raisin in the Sun by Hansberry: An Analysis of Themes Explored Outline Thesis: An analysis of the play A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry reveals that the major themes explored in the work include the development of an individuals’ struggle against society, racial discrimination and the significance of dreams in a person’s life. I. The play explicates the theme of how individuals must struggle against social afflictions in order to survive. A. Each of the members of the Youngers’ family must fight against the problems of poverty and deprivation. B. Walter must struggle to fulfill his social obligations of providing for the family C. Beneatha must face the tribulations posed by a patriarchal society. D. Ruth faces the challenges of poverty which renders them unable to have another child. II. Another important theme explored is that of racial discrimination and class distinction. A. When the Youngers decide to move into a neighborhood occupied primarily by white people, they are requested to stay away and are offered a decent sum of money to do so. B. The play illustrates not just individual and historic racism, but also institutional racism. C.We will write a custom essay sample on A Raisin in the Sun or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The prevalence of class division, particularly within the African American community is demonstrated mainly through the relationship between Beneatha and her well-to-do boyfriend, George Murchinson. D. Beneatha is not wholly accepted by the Murchinsons as she hails from a poor family. III. The role of dreams and aspirations in an individual’s life is also very lucidly depicted. A. Beneatha dreams of becoming a doctor, while Walter wishes for wealth and money. B. The destructive power of dreams, when one becomes obsessed by them is also revealed through Walter’s relentless quest for money, regardless of the moral implications of his acts. C. Hence, the matter of whether the end justifies the means is raised. D. In the end, however, the Youngers decide that the foremost objective is to do what is in the best interests of the whole family. A Raisin in the Sun by Hansberry: An Analysis of Themes Explored â€Å"Literature adds to reality, it does not simply describe it. It enriches the necessary competencies that daily life requires and provides; and in this respect, it irrigates the deserts that our lives have already become. † These words, by C. S. Lewis aptly encompass the significance of literature and its study. Literature, be it prose, poetry, plays, fragments or anecdotes, has a way of deepening lives through its depiction of characters, themes and symbols, quite unique yet human and relevant.